The Revocation of Article 35-A and 370, and the State of Human Rights in Indian-occupied Kashmir

Authors

  • Rida Asad Visiting Faculty, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Quaid e Azam Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Author
  • Kifayat Ullah Subject Specialist History cum Civics, Elementary & Secondary Education Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62997/rl.2022a.14005

Keywords:

Human Rights, Indian occupied Kashmir, Article 35-A and 370, India, Pakistan

Abstract

India and Pakistan have been fighting over Kashmir since they became independent. There has been one small war and three big ones between India and Pakistan. India got rid of Articles 370 and 35-A of the Indian Constitution on its own on August 5, 2019, which included Kashmir. Pakistan works very hard to make life better for Kashmiris. A logical method is used to do the research for this study. The secondary sources were things like books, study papers, newspaper articles, reports, the web, and magazines. There are both descriptive and analytical ways to do research techniques. The results show that getting rid of the two constitutional changes will hurt South Asia's military security a lot. India's takeover of Jammu and Kashmir has led to breaches of human rights, violence, economic hardship, and social exclusion for the people of Kashmir. The study recommends that Pakistan look into a number of policy options to solve the Kashmir problem since Kashmir is Pakistan's main source of blood. South Asia and the whole world would be better off with peace and security in Kashmir.

References

Alam, M. (2020, July 9). Pakistan’s Kashmir policy post-article 370. The Diplomat – Asia-Pacific Current Affairs Magazine. https://thediplomat.com/2020/07/pakistans-kashmir-policy-post-article-370/

Aljazeera. (2019, August 5). Kashmir’s special status: Five things to know. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/8/5/kashmir-special-status-explained-what-are-articles-370-and-35a

Amin, T. (1995). HOW TO RESOLVE THE KASHMIR ISSUE. Strategic Studies, 18(2/3), 128–142. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45182213

Bakshi, K. N., & Indian Foreign Affairs Journal. (2007). Simla Agreement (1972): From Military Victory to A Diplomatic Defeat? Indian Foreign Affairs Journal, 2(3), 105–119. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45340665

Bbc. (2010, July 7). Kashmir: Why India and Pakistan fight over it. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286

BBC. (2017, August 15). Article 35a: Why a special law on Kashmir is controversial. BBC Breaking News, World News, US News, Sports, Business, Innovation, Climate, Culture, Travel, Video & Audio. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-40897522

Chaudhury, D. R. (2019, October 4). India criticises Turkey, Malaysia for Kashmir remarks. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-criticises-turkey-malaysia-for-kashmir-remarks/articleshow/71442715.cms?from=mdr

Chohan, U. W., & Aamir, O. (2020, June 8). Kashmir: Beyond imbroglios. Air University (AU). https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/2211008/kashmir-beyond-imbroglios/

Ganguly, Š., Smetana, M., Abdullah, S., & Karmazin, A. (2018). India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir dispute: unpacking the dynamics of a South Asian frozen conflict. Asia Europe Journal, 17(1), 129–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-018-0526-5

India Today. (2019, August 10). Pakistan suspends Delhi-Lahore Dosti bus service. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-suspends-delhi-lahore-bus-service-1579369-2019-08-10

Khalid, M. (2021). Abrogation of Article 370 and 35-A, human rights situation in Indian occupied Kashmir and response options for Pakistan. Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences, 2(1), 166–175. https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.14

Khan, I. (2021, August 9). Kashmir, Pakistan and issue of self-determination. The America Times. https://www.america-times.com/kashmir-pakistan-issue-self-determination/

Klitzman, S., & Freudenberg, N. (2003). Implications of the World Trade Center attack for the public health and health care infrastructures. American Journal of Public Health, 93(3), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.3.400

Kuszewska, A. (2022). Kashmir dispute in the international policy of Pakistan. Kashmir in India and Pakistan Policies, 139-153. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351063746-13

Lunn, J. (2019, August 8). Kashmir: The effects of revoking Article 370. House of Common Library. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/kashmir-the-effects-of-revoking-article-370/

Mughal, N. A., & Mughal, N. (1976). INCHING TOGETHER OR A MILE APART: INDIA AND PAKISTAN TOWARDS DETENTE. Pakistan Horizon, 29(3), 20–32. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41403877

Naidu, M. V. (2000). THE KASHMIR DISPUTE AND INDIA-PAKISTAN RELATIONS: THE UNTOLD STORY OF COLD WAR DIPLOMACY. Peace Research, 32(2), 1–30. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23607737

Sharma, A. (2012). The Enduring Conflict and the Hidden Risk of India-Pakistan War. The SAIS Review of International Affairs, 32(1), 129–142. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27000881

Staff Writer. (2019, August 6). Parliament approves bill for bifurcation of J&K into two union territories. mint. https://www.livemint.com/news/india/parliament-approves-bill-for-bifurcation-of-j-k-into-two-union-territories-1565067616715.html

WANI, A. (2020, January 28). Life in Kashmir after article 370. orfonline.org. https://www.orfonline.org/research/life-in-kashmir-after-article-370

Published

2024-04-23

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Asad, R., & Ullah, K. (2024). The Revocation of Article 35-A and 370, and the State of Human Rights in Indian-occupied Kashmir. Regional Lens, 1(1), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.62997/rl.2022a.14005